What principle governs civil-military relations in a democracy?

In a democracy, the principle that fundamentally governs civil-military relations is civilian control over the military. This principle is crucial because it ensures that elected representatives hold authority over military decisions, reflecting the will of the people and maintaining accountability. By establishing civilian oversight, democracy seeks to prevent military leaders from exerting undue influence or power that could threaten democratic governance.

Civilian control fosters a system where military operations and policies align with civil values and laws, reinforcing the notion that the military serves the interests of the nation rather than acting as an independent entity. This arrangement not only enhances democratic legitimacy but also promotes stability by ensuring that the military cannot operate autonomously without the consent and oversight of civilian authorities.

While the other options may touch upon aspects of military operations or governance, they do not embody the foundational principle as effectively. Military autonomy could lead to a conflict of interest, judicial oversight alone does not provide comprehensive governance, and political integration within military ranks can blur the lines between military and civilian roles, potentially undermining the principle of civilian supremacy. Thus, civilian control over the military stands as a vital cornerstone of democratic governance.