How does consequentialism differ from deontological ethics?

The distinction between consequentialism and deontological ethics is fundamentally rooted in their different approaches to evaluating actions. Consequentialism is primarily concerned with the outcomes of actions; it posits that the moral value of an action is determined by its consequences. If an action leads to positive results, it is considered morally right, while negative outcomes deem it wrong. This ethical framework emphasizes the importance of the results produced rather than the actions themselves or any underlying rules.

In contrast, deontological ethics focuses on the inherent morality of actions based on certain duties or rules, regardless of the consequences that may arise from those actions. According to this view, certain actions are morally obligatory or forbidden based on established principles, and individuals must adhere to these duties even if doing so does not lead to the best outcomes.

This clear separation between the focus on outcomes in consequentialism and the emphasis on duties in deontological ethics is critical for understanding moral reasoning in different contexts. Thus, the correct answer articulates the foundational difference between these two ethical theories, providing clarity on their respective approaches to moral evaluations.